ASAS KEUSAHAWANAN
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CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Business is essential as it acts as a key indicator to evaluate the
economic growth of the country as well as the main generator of the country’s
income. Business is defined as an organization or enterprising entity which is
involved in industrial, commercial and professional activities. Business can be
classified into two categories, profit and non-profit organization. Business
does not refer to multinational companies such as Nestle, KFC and Petronas only
but also includes small sized companies such as bakery. In the business world,
entrepreneur plays a crucial role to establish successful business.
Who is
entrepreneurs? Entrepreneur is the people who is combining, managing and organizing
the resources in a business (Sobel, 2003). The resources include labour,
capital, material, asset and others. The entrepreneurs are willing to take risk
and able to face the challenges (Sobel, 2003). The entrepreneurs always seen as
an innovator of new ideas and a leader in a business (Entrepreneur, 2016). To
become successful entrepreneur, the characteristics that they should have are
persuasion, self-confidence, work commitment, efficiency oriented, tolerance
for failure, high initiative level, information seeking and problem solving.
Entrepreneurs have
brought many revolution to the world and change our way of life. Their creative
and innovative ideas have made our life easier and more advance. The driving
force of the entrepreneurs to come up with such outstanding ideas are heavily
influenced by the characteristics mentioned earlier.
2.0 ENTREPRENEUR TRAITS
There are eight entrepreneur traits will be discussed which are
persuasion, self-confidence, work commitment, efficiency oriented, tolerance
for failure, high initiative level, information seeking and problem solving.
2.1 Persuasion
Persuasion can be defined as a process from entrepreneur to persuade
their customer with his or her product produce like and influence their customers
to buy their product. With the right way without the customers.
Before that, the
customers was be exposed by the entrepreneur information about the food or
advantage of the product. By the written on newspaper and magazines with
decorate the page of newspaper and magazines with the beautiful decorate. It
also interest the people with the product and idea. Beside, creativity is
important element in entrepreneur interest with the customers with their
product and idea.
Besides, the
entrepreneur can also promote the idea or product by open the booth at expo and
mall this way can get fast response from the people about the product. The
entrepreneur also can ask opinion from the customer about the idea and
product. Is the product is suitable
nowadays and give effect disadvantage effect to the customer. All of this
activity carry many good effect to the entrepreneur.
Next, the other way
is the entrepreneur can persuade their customers is by the media and televises.
In fact many of people in Malaysia are watching watching televises and good
advertisement make by the entrepreneur can influence the majority of people to
buy their products. Especially group of people want the products cause of their
trouble in life like problem with their health.
Picture 1: Dato’ Alif Shukri
One of
the example entrepreneur is Dato` Alif Shukri king of beauty product and
founder of d`herbs healthy sdn.bhd. He is popular with his tagline in promoting
his product “terlajak laris” and this is others way to convince customers to
buy their product even though some people are not like with their trademark and
tagline but majority of Malaysian people almost buys this brand. So with this
tagline people know the product and producer.
Before he is success
in stage of entrepreneur, he was sells beauty products with various brand, he
knocking the door in front of the office and the houses. Sometime he felt very
embarrassed because his customers not want to hear his explanation about of his
beauty product and it beginning point to himself to success in stage of
entrepreneurs. For him, shy is second element in business world, easy principle
not of modal we are success, but effort and intensity is more important.
2.2 Self-confidence
Self-confidence is a good feeling about
yourself and your capabilities. So, if you're a self-confident person, it
simply means that you feel good about who you are, and you also feel good about
your ability to achieve things you want to achieve. Usually entrepreneurs have
predicts about what happen on the future and what kind things that are human
needed. So that’s opportunity to make something new in human life. For example,
if before is impossible to make the touchscreen, but now is possible.
There are many reason why self-confidence is
important to the entrepreneurs. One of the reason is confident people make good
decision, with this traits the entrepreneurs make the good decision. The good
business have make tough decision without confidence in the their self, the
entrepreneurs will find decision making a difficult task. So, the more
confident in entrepreneurs about their idea, enhancing entrepreneur to make
good decision.
Picture 2: Steve Jobs
Steve jobs and Wozniak Jobs are credited with
transforming the computer industry by democratizing the technology and making
machines smaller, cheaper, intuitive and accessible to everyday consumers. In
1980, Apple Computer became a publicly traded company, with a market value of
$1.2 billion by the end of its very first day of trading. Jobs looked to
marketing expert John Sculley of Pepsi-Cola to take over the role of CEO
for Apple.
However, the next several products from Apple
suffered significant design flaws, resulting in recalls and consumer
disappointment. IBM suddenly surpassed Apple in sales, and Apple had to compete
with an IBM/PC-dominated business world. In 1984, Apple released the Macintosh,
marketing the computer as a piece of a counterculture lifestyle romantic,
youthful, creative. But despite positive sales and performance superior to
IBM's PCs, the Macintosh was still not IBM-compatible. Sculley believed Jobs
was hurting Apple, and the company's executives began to phase him out.
Not actually having had an official title with
the company he co-founded, Jobs was pushed into a more marginalized position
and thus left Apple in 1985 to begin a new hardware and software enterprise
called NeXT, Inc. The following year Jobs purchased an animation company
from George Lucas which later became Pixar Animation Studios. Believing in
Pixar's potential, Jobs initially invested $50 million of his own money in the
company. The studio went on to produce wildly popular movies such as toy
story, finding nemo and the Incredibles. Pixar's
films have collectively netted $4 billion. The studio merged with Walt Disney
in 2006, making Steve Jobs Disney's largest shareholder.
2.3
Work commitment
Picture 3: Tan Sri Tony Fernandes
Work commitments personality refers to entrepreneurs is
crucial in the development and success of an entrepreneur. action and
result-oriented behavior, and not someone who just wait for things to happen
and then try to adapt or in other words, respond to them. For this feature, I
can see clearly in self-entrepreneur, Tony Fernandes. He is an entrepreneur and
founder of Tune Air Sdn. Bhd., And has introduced the airline Air Asia which
can be enjoyed all Malaysians to expose slogan "Now everyone can
fly". Fernandes makes Air Asia, commercial airlines and at the same time
be able to offer low fares (King, 2013).
Through the nature of work commitments, we can see a lot
of them are his achievements and he is now a valued member of the Institute of
Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW). Fernandes is a former
executive at Warner Music Malaysia. When Time Warner Inc. announced a merger
with America Online Inc., Fernandes left to pursue his dream to start the
service with the service budget penerbangan.Pada September 2001, Fernandes
bought AirAsia and become chief executive of a company. In his mind, Malaysians
will enjoy the low fares that can save time and money, especially in an
uncertain economy. Fernandes estimates about 50 percent of the passengers on
the flight were from companies that use the air service for the first time.
Before the arrival of AirAsia, he estimated that only six per cent of Malaysians
who had boarded the plane or the airway. In 2007, Fernandes started the hotel
chain Tune Hotels, concept-based services at no extra charge (Wikipedia.com).
All these are examples of his involvement as an entrepreneur who is very
committed to his work.
2.4
Efficiency oriented
Picture 4:
Datuk Wan Mohammad Sani Salleh
Successful entrepreneurs
will design and set the goals and vision of the business in line with the
government's vision. Entrepreneurs will be desperately trying to achieve its
business goals and vision to enable him to make his business luminary in the
eyes of the people. Entrepreneurs who have a goal and vision showed that he
also had dreams and ambitions to be achieved in the future. In setting goals
and vision, entrepreneurs need a thorough research and study as well as
efficiency in terms of thinking. They should be sensitive to the ability of the
internal or external organization.
Efficiency-oriented features can be seen in the
successful entrepreneur Datuk Wan Mohammad Sani Salleh, better known as Datuk
Sani. He is the owner of the network Sani Express bus operations ever known
today under the operating company Sani United Sdn. Bhd. (SUSB). After deciding
to leave the field of entertainment to be involved in entrepreneurship, his first
step is to open a vehicle repair workshop in Kuala Lumpur and Terengganu and
slowly she immersed herself in the bus transport industry which has always been
his dream.
Characteristics of a successful entrepreneur is
absolutely no inside Datuk Wan Mohammad Sani Salleh. No wonder that he was able
to achieve a dream with a business that has been poured. Among its successful
entrepreneur who is in her is her goal-oriented person and insights. He adhered
to the principle "Where there's a will, there's a way". This
determination and principles which guide the examples of entrepreneurs who have
successfully developed its business on a smaller scale until the empire has
become a successful business for him.
2.5 Tolerance For Failure
Risk is uncertainty in decision-making
and its impact must also be borne by the decision maker. According to
(Rosli,2010) states that the higher the risk, the higher the returns will be
get. In addition, an entrepreneurs need to consider and evaluate the risk.
Entrepreneurs are exposed to various risks and the risk begins when an
entrepreneur involved in the business.
Picture 5:Tan Sri Dr. Jeffry cheah
Tan Sri Dr. Jeffrey Cheah are
examples of entrepreneurs who dare to face the risk. He was the CEO of Sunway
Group. Tan Sri Dr. Jeffrey Cheah grew up in Mullaghmore, Perak. He received his
education from Footscray Institute of Technology, Australia. After finish his
studies, he worked as an accountant in a motor assembly factory.
Example of the tolerance for failure for
diversifying his business.
In 1985, Malaysia has been hit by the economic downturn and resulting
Sunway Holdings Berhad registered a loss and virtually eliminate shareholders'
funds in 1987. Tan Sri Dr. Jeffrey Cheah dare to take measures to reduce that
risk by diversifying the types of businesses including property development
sector manufacturing, real estate investment, entertainment and hospitality, he
has managed to create Sunway Construction Berhad, Sunway City Berhad and Sunway
Building Technology Berhad.
Tan Sri Dr. Jeffrey Cheah was to develop a city known as Bandar Sunway.
However, many people are less confident of his ability but with the high of
spirit, he can managed and develop Bandar Sunway from the site of mining area
to become a good facilities and amenities, including hotels, shopping complexes
and residential area.
2.6 High Initiative Level
An
entrepreneur will genuinely sensitive and always emphasize the quality and
standards of work or services. Entrepreneurs do not work alone to complete the
task, but through his work he will find satisfaction with the excellent level
of performance and quality. Only with quality work, the entrepreneur can expand
its market and further improve the performance of the company and himself.
Picture 6: Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar
The initiative in business is how to find the
chance that can be pursued to increase benefits for Business. When a project
was defined, the entrepreneurs will attempt to set up a project to achieve
goals and satisfaction. Various methods can be taken by entrepreneurs to
establish or expand an existing business. Successful entrepreneur are someone
must have creative thinking, and Critical. Entrepreneurs must be keep thinking
and give more effort even harder to make the lay of business. For example, Tan
Sri Syed Mokhtar Al - Bukhary run a variety of businesses since he dabbled in entrepreneurship
sells like meat, rice circulate, distribute product dairy, produce shoes and
clothing, and the activities of transport. He not only focus on one type only
business sector in fact, but he try miscellaneous business. This is because the
consistency can led him to success in every sector business that he involved.
2.7
Information seeking
Information seeking is
defined as the process or activity of attempting to obtain information in both
human and technological contexts. According to Kelly (2002), information
seeking involves the search, retrieval, recognition, and application of
meaningful content. An entrepreneur running a personal research about how to
satisfy the customer and resolve the problem. An entrepreneur knows that
different people have different capabilities that can be of assistance to them.
An entrepreneur also seeks relevant information from customers, suppliers,
competitors and others. An entrepreneur always wanted to learn things that will
help your business grow.
Picture 7: Tan Sri Mokhzani Mahathir
Mokhzani is the founder of an investment
company called Kencana Capital Sdn Bhd. The company operates in the field of
oil and gas service provider, IT, automotive and real estate. One of the
properties owned by him is always looking for information and take out.
Curiosity is the instinctive nature of human beings from birth. Curiosity is
one of the defense mechanisms of human life. From this sense human beings have
the tendency to see things that have not been previously known. The nature of
this made him successful in their respective fields. (Mokhzani Mahathir
Biography, 2016)
Tan Sri Mokhzani
already started to show interest and find information about the petroleum
sector since childhood. Enthusiasm and interest in this sector shown when he
resumed his studies and successfully completed his degree in Bachelor of
Science in Petroleum Engineering at the University of Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
Clearly showed that he was skilled and had a deep interest in the field of
petroleum. Curiosity of nature's petroleum stir this figure once to get an
education in the field of interest was the breach he had the full support of
all members of his family. (Mokhzani Mahathir Biography, 2016)
Over the years he ran
the company until thriving. Curiosity led him to make a further investigation
to develop a business that has pioneered. There are various ways taken by him
in seeking information. For example, Tan Sri Mokhzani have discovered some
well-known figure in Malaysia. One of them is his own father, former Prime
Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad to get some info and find out
what the best steps to take in achieving what he had dreamed. After completion
of the investigation, Tan Sri Mokhzani decided his company should create
Kencana Petroleum merger with another company in order to finalize its
business. The results of the search information, he decided to join the company
Sapura Crest in 2012 and resulted in a company Sapura Kencana Oil and Gas
Service Provider in Malaysia. (Mokhzani
Mahathir Biography, 2016)
Curiosity and a desire
to seek information is something that is important in bringing it to a
successful entrepreneur. One of his principles is' if you are lazy to take out,
then you will be left behind and will never advance. As an entrepreneur, he
needed as many of the latest and useful information to enable him to plan and
make decisions in business. Therefore, he is always looking for the latest
information and use the services of the agency as soon as possible.
2.8
Problem solving
The process of working
through details of a problem to reach a solution, (Business
Dictionary, 2016). Problem solving is
part of thought. Considered the most complex intellectual functions, problem
solving has been defined as a high-level cognitive processes and that requires
the modulation and control skills to more routine or fundamental (Goldstein
& Levin, 1987). Problem solving occurs when an organism or an artificial
intelligence system does not know how to get out of a situation that is
presented to a desired goal state. It is part of the larger problem process
that includes problem finding and problem shaping.
Picture 8: Datuk Wira
(Dr.) Haji Ameer Ali bin Mydin.
Datuk Wira (Dr.) Haji
Ameer Ali Mydin Managing Director of Mydin Mohamed Holdings Berhad. He is also
the son of the founder Mydin namely Mr Mydin Mohamed Bin Mydin Ghulam who
founded since 1957. Beginning in 1957, he opened a small shop in Kota Bharu,
Kelantan. Starting with his own savings and then get loans from financial
institutions, he is now able to have more than 200 stores including 12
hypermarkets, 18 wholesale emporium, 3 bazaars, 53 mini-supermarkets, 10
convenience stores and five franchises in several states in Peninsular
Malaysia. But after Mr Mydin, his son Datuk Wira (Dr.) Haji Ameer Ali Mydin
connect legacy as Representative Director of Mydin. (Ameer Ali Mydin Biography, 2016)
An entrepreneur who
behave in business problem solving. He is always looking for feedback,
especially from customers and not wait for customers to complain. In addition,
if there are complaints and customer complaints about products or services
offered, he is slow to anger but instead are open and receiving the complaint
happy. This is because, through the feedback, he can fix weaknesses and thus achieving
success in business. In addition, he is also being constantly solving problems
and always act on opportunities in the global initiative, the action is to take
this opportunity to form a new environment. This action often leads to
entrepreneurial firms it became the leader in the market with competing methods
of influence by building new request. (Ameer Ali Mydin Biography, 2016)
He is also being
constantly solve problems and find opportunities in the market and meet the
demands of the market at a reasonable price to compete with other local
supermarket. He is also seeking feedback from customers to meet the new demands
of customers. (Ameer
Ali Mydin Biography, 2016).
3.0
BIOGRAPHY OF ONE SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR
3.1
History of Pak Su Din
Jamal Senapi, 66, or
better known as Pak Su Din is an entrepreneur shrimp paste. He started this
business since 26 years ago. Started this business because of continuing its
mother. According to Pak Su Din, his mother first sell shrimp paste in this
area to sustain life and the legacy he continued. Starting a business with a
capital of only RM500 only, Pak Su Din has succeeded in opening people's eyes
to start a business that does not require large capital so long as there is
business to be successful and work hard. Once businesses grow more and more his
shrimp paste then Pak Su Din add equipment, machinery and enlarge the area to
process shrimp paste. Formerly Pak Su Din only use solely labor force and does
not have any shrimp paste processing machines.
With a capital of it, Pak Su Din also have problems. This
is because he needs money to buy raw materials, due to the sale of goods and
also for promotion. Pak Su Din does not make loans to any agency because he was
concerned about the risks perceived in the future. Although there are
government agencies that offer, Pak Su Din refused for good because he is
confident that his efforts will not dare to own and owe. Principles that
continue to be held by Pak Su Din until now.
Pak Su shrimp paste Din also in high demand from all
corners of the country. This can be evidenced Pak Su Din shrimp paste not only
marketed around Kuala Perlis and Kangar even got a request to Johor. His shrimp
paste marketed around the farmers market, wholesale markets and retail outlets
around Perlis. However, shrimp paste Su Pak Din has an agent who sells shrimp
paste to other states such as Pahang, Negeri Sembilan, Perak and Johor. Pak Su
Din shrimp paste agent will come to the factory for two weeks, to get adequate
supply of shrimp paste. One of Pak Su Din commendable is that he does not feel
embarrassed because he sells shrimp paste shrimp paste flavour is one of Malay
cuisine. "Since the first shrimp paste is inseparable from our cuisine
although it's a bit smelly. Therefore, if we call shrimp paste it, we know it
is related to Malay cuisine. Therefore on each pack contained shrimp paste my
image, "he said.
3.2
Entrepreneur Characteristic
3.2.1
Efficiency Oriented
Efficiency in entrepreneurs is the ability of
entrepreneurs to identify opportunities and turn them into something lucrative
to the business and the ability to appreciate something good. Someone
entrepreneurs can understand or figure things out of the ordinary. Person
perspective is intelligent, insightful, and see what others cannot. Efficiency
which can be seen on the entrepreneur Pak Su Din is continuing his former
mother company sells shrimp paste around the area to support life. It can be
concluded that he sees the company as a catalyst and support for him in the
business and continue the legacy business. The business also has the potential
to grow.
3.2.2
Tolerance for Failure
The error stems from ignorance, error, and lack of
experience. But as time went on and learning from one's mistakes have been
made, it will appear as a great personal and superior. By learning from
mistakes, we can make it so that in the future will not be repeated again.
Someone believers will not fall into a hole twice. Doing it wrong would be a
shame not done once and will regret that mistake. But it becomes useless when
performed twice, let alone many times extreme behaviour needs to be worked on
are not repeated. Business carried along, too many customers various types of
temperament and neglected. There is a book shrimp paste will give advance booking
in advance and then if it was ready and they want to take, the customer will be
paid the outstanding balance is paid. But there is also the type of customers
who book without giving advance shrimp paste first, then if you want to take
the orders they will ask to owe Uncle Din. Not once did the same two customers
a way to Pak Su Din but every time reserve to Pak Su Din. Over time Pak Su Din
began to realize that he had made a mistake because too much face to customers
who want to take advantage of him.
Thereafter, Pak Su
Din has learned from the mistakes. Every time a customer makes a reservation to
himself, surely he would ask for money upfront before booking shrimp paste.
With customers such customer attitudes are not up head with what has been done
by Pak Su Din itself. In conclusion, Pak Su Din has learned from the mistakes
he had made. To make us succeed will face failure in advance because of the
failure to teach us from making mistakes.
3.3.3
Work Commitment
Mr. Jamal Senapi or better known as Pak Su Din is a firm
doing business this shrimp paste. He wanted to make sure the company set up
since 26 years it was on the right track and posted a profit every year. If not
decisive, he will be trampled by the employee for not longer honor. He said the
decision to continue the legacy of his mother even more shrimp paste
manufacturing industry in the Malaysian market. A variety of strategies and
plans that he did to advance his business so well-known throughout the country.
Although he was firm in his decisions, but the views of others and the employee
receives as a guide before the decision was issued. This is to prevent him
making inaccurate results. Any decision taken by it has major implications for
business leads. He is very flexible and able to change their way according to
customer requirements and business environment. With the changing world
economy, there must be a firm stance in an individual entrepreneur.
3.3.4
High Initiative Level
Every business has its own weaknesses or deficiencies.
These deficiencies should not be seen as a weakness by the entrepreneur.
Therefore, among the important features that should be possessed as a
successful entrepreneur is having the initiative or its efforts to develop
their business for the better. With the initiative of an entrepreneur to
develop his business would be able to continue to compete with other
competitors out there. Various methods used by entrepreneurs to make their
business successful. Similarly, Jamal Senapi or fondly known as Pak Su Din,
fresh shrimp paste earliest entrepreneurs in Kampung Simpang Empat Sungai
Berembang, Perlis. He has taken initiatives to develop the business by
introducing fresh shrimp paste shrimp paste through his Facebook page in
addition to market belacannya around Perlis. In addition, he also markets its
products around the country to receive orders and he also has regular customers
in each state. In addition, Mr. Su Din also trying to commercialize and expand
its business through his own capital without borrowing from any party. He is
also prepared to accept orders from various countries and still try to complete
as many orders from customers quickly and efficiently.
3.3.5
Self Confidence
One of the main challenges of a business, especially a
new business is to build quality business. When your business starts to grow,
you need to deal to build relationships with new customers. In the survey, the
biggest reason a customer decides to buy or not to buy is when they feel 'trust
and confidence' in respect of goods or business. Pak Su Din trust earned from customers cause businesses to survive until now. It
shrimp paste business has lasted for 26 years. The average customer who buys
shrimp paste with Pak Su Din are very satisfied with these results. Trust that
they cause Pak Su Din worked hard to ensure that the product is produced shrimp
paste that will be able to achieve its customers' demands. Pak Su Din's
attitude makes clients and ourselves Pak Su Din itself can forge its business
further. It can be proved that there are customers who come from far away
because of the transparency and trust in business relationships.
4.0
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it
is clearly pictured that how important the traits above and how much of
sacrifice and struggles our entrepreneur went through in their life to become a
very well known successful entrepreneurs. As we all know, it is not easy to achieve
all our aims and goals as what we wanted to be in future.
The entrepreneurs need to spend much of times, energy and
money in the process of entrepreneurship. They are working in the long hours
and facing many challenges in their way to success. So they have to certain
entrepreneur traits to make them adhere to success in their entrepreneurship
way, Besides the entrepreneur traits, some skill and personalities are needed
by entrepreneurs as an aid to them in entrepreneurship.
There are some entrepreneur traits have been discussed
before. There are included persuasion,
self-confidence, work commitment, efficiency oriented, tolerance for failure,
high initiative level, information seeking, problem solving and others. The
entrepreneurs are not necessary to have all of these entrepreneur traits. But
they can built up the traits through their experiences and knowledges in their
life.
The entrepreneurs that have shown are the good examples
and as the learning models for them to be the successful entrepreneurs like
Datuk Wira (Dr.) Haji Ameer Ali bin Mydin, Dato` Alif Shukri, Datuk Wan
Mohammad Sani Salleh, Tan Sri Mokhzani Mahathir and others. If you want to be a
successful entrepreneur, you must be willing to strive and learn from the
successful entrepreneur.
5.0
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Ameer
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Mokhzani Mahathir Biography, (2016). Retrive
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Kelly Patricia Kingrey (2002). Concepts of
Information Seeking and Their Presence in the Practical
Library Literature. Retrive November 10, 2002, from http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/kingrey.html
Goldstein & Levin, 1987. Problem Solving
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